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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH LAW

       
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH LAW

The intellectual thinking of man, since time immemorial, has resulted in the development of science and technology. The principles of science and technology have developed in response to differing objects of interest. Science and technology have had a great impact on the way we live. Law has tried to regulate the use and abuse of science and the extent of its application. The major question however is whether we are well equipped with the laws to regulate the use of such technologies.

 

The subject Law, Science and Technology is of great relevance today when Courts have become ”activists” and there has been a tremendous advance in science and technology. The need for sharpening the evidentiary techniques employed in Courts with the help of science and technology cannot be denied. At the same time, one has to be conscious of the limitations. The limitations of both science and the law and the need for both to join hands to strengthen the court-systems by legally admissible scientific evidence must be considered.

 

 

MEANING AND DEFINITIONS

 

 

v SCIENCE

 

The word “Science” comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning “knowledge” or “knowing”. According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, the definition of science is “knowledge attained through study or practice,” or “knowledge covering general truths of the operation of general laws, esp. as obtained and tested through scientific method [and] concerned with the physical world.”

 

In other words, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge that People Have gained using that system. Less formally, the word science often describes any systematic field of study or the knowledge gained from it. Perhaps the most general description is that the purpose of science is to produce useful models of reality. Most scientific investigations use some form of the scientific method. Science as defined above is sometimes called pure science to differentiate it from applied science, which is the application of research to human needs. Fields of science are commonly classified along two major lines:

-Natural sciences, the study of the natural world, and

-Social sciences, the systematic study of human behavior and society.

 

 

v TECHNOLOGY

 

The word “technology” comes from the Greek word technologia, which means the systematic treatment of an art, form or skill or a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes, methods or knowledge. In other words, the term technology refers to the application of science, especially to commercial or industrial objects.

 

 

v LAW

 

A rule of conduct established and enforced by the authority, legislation, or custom of a given community, State, or nation. In essence, law is the tangible and intangible context that links individuals to the community. In addition, it defines responsibilities of individuals to society as much as it defines and protects individual rights. In short, it is a pillar of good governance.

 

INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF SCIENCE AND LAW

 

Today’’s high technology society forces the two professions (law and science) to interact in a wide array of cases. Legal disputes involving patents, product liability, environmental torts, regulatory proceedings and criminal cases are some fields of such interaction. Further, law and science encounter each other in the laboratory through a number of actions governing intellectual property, research misconduct, etc. The fact-finding agendas of the two disciplines have frequently begun to overlap, if not merge. Because there is a general lack of understanding of each culture, these interactions often lead to a cognitive friction that is both disturbing and costly to the society. Scientists are distrustful of the lawyers and legal proceedings and prefer not to venture into the courtroom. The scientific community that believes that its methods and procedures are above legal scrutiny and questioning often frustrates lawyers. Lawyers and scientists seldom speak the same language. Each should develop a better understanding of the principles and methods of the other’’s profession. Bridging the gap between the two cultures is a challenge that this conference seeks to address.

Science and technology seek knowledge through an open-ended search for expanded understanding, whose truths are subject to revision. Law, too, conducts an open-ended search for expanded understanding; however, it demands definite findings of fact at given points in time. The meeting of these two disciplines in the courtroom magnifies the differences between the two cultures. Even the search of truth does not serve the same aims and may not be subject to the same constraints and requirements.

 

The Courts today deal with complex cases relating to highly sophisticated crimes where criminals take care to erase all evidence of their involvement. In such cases, modernized, scientific and highly sophisticated methods are required to trace the involvement of criminals. A report published in the New York Times (August 7, 2008) stated that with a new analytical technique, a fingerprint can reveal much more than the identity of a person. It can also identify what the person has been touching: drugs, explosives or poisons, for example. Such a laboratory technique can have a wider application in crime investigation. The chemical signature could also help crime investigators trace out one fingerprint out of the smudges of many overlapping prints if the person had been exposed to a specific chemical.

 

Then there are serious cases of medical negligence and related torts where rival parties seek to rely on expert evidence. Even in the field of environmental pollution involving toxic substances, there is serious difficulty in finding out the levels of danger, the extent of actual and latent damage to humans and environment, and there are uncertainties in accepting the technology installed by the polluter to conform to environmental standards. In some civil cases where handwriting, forgery, or paternity issues are involved there is extensive use of scientific techniques. The Courts are thus dependent and, in fact, compelled to analyse evidence of experts examined on each side. There is again the difficulty of evaluating the conflicting expert evidence adduced by the contesting parties in an adversarial judicial process. However, none can deny that expert witnesses retained by parties often are partisan. In such cases, the technique of “Hot Tubbing” must be embraced. The Australians discovered the technique of “Hot Tubbing” to improve expert evidence. In this procedure, also called concurrent evidence, parties still choose experts, but they testify together at trial-discussing the case, asking each other questions, responding to inquiries from the judge and the lawyers, finding common ground and sharpening the open issues. According to UCLA law professor Jennifer Mnookin, “‘Hot Tubbing is much more interesting than neutral experts.”

 

DEVELOPMENTS TILL DATE AND THE RECENT TREND

 

 

In this era of genomics, of crime prevention and of conviction the following questions need special attention:

 

 

1. Is the legal profession ready for this new information?

 

1. How would these techniques benefit the justice delivery system?

 

1. Is our society ready for the implications that genomics brings to every facet of our lives?

 

1. Is our society struggling with the ethical and social issues thrown up by the new biology such as human cloning, use of animals in biomedical research, etc.?

 

1. With the rapid progress in science, are laws in their present form really able to deliver justice efficiently or is some rethinking in the form of new laws or amendments to existing laws required?

 

 

Before any major changes can be effected, all stakeholders have to sit together and look for the answers to these unsolved problems. This contact which was missing in India became a reality when the first ever conference of this kind was held. This conference, who’’s Chairman was the erstwhile President of India; Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam formed the basis of the ”Hyderabad Declaration on Impact of New Biology on Justice Delivery System”. These deliberations of law were co-organised by the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) and NALSAR University of law. The deliberations brought together the Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, representatives from various Commissions like the Law Commission and the Human Rights Commission, Directors of the National Law Schools and other legal luminaries, lawyers, scientists, doctors, bio-industrialists, NGO’’s, police investigators, journalists and a couple of participants from abroad. Inter alia the meeting emphasized the following:

 

• To establish a Human Genetics Commission to provide technical and strategic advice about the current and emerging issues in Human Genetics, and a consultative mechanism for development oh National Genetics Policy and guidelines in that area;

 

• To establish an Ethics Committee to assess ethical, legal and social issues raised by research on human genome and use of DNA databases;

 

• To statutorily define status of human embryo so that research on embryonic cells is done under statutory control and regulations;

 

• To devise a mechanism to establish links with the International Community of Dispute for resolution of new issues in new biology;

 

• To suitably amend the Patents law to strike a fair balance between public and private interests in case of patents that assert property rights over genetic material.

 

IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON INVESTIGATION

 

Science is a compelling and commanding weapon in the armoury of administration of justice. Forensic Science is a science pertaining to law. In particular, it works as the branch, which is used mainly in criminal investigation and findings of which can lead to arrests and convictions. Undoubtedly, scientific investigations generate evidence in favour of the victims and against the accused. Forensic Science helps in providing the identity of the culprit or the accused who willingly or unwillingly, in most of the cases, leaves the mark of his crime, thereby making the job of the investigator much easier in proving the culpability with the aid of Forensic Science.

 

Forensic Science provides scientific study for investigation of crime. The growth, development and use of Forensic Science in detection of crime in developed countries are tremendous and increasing with new techniques. The area of Forensic Science in India has not been properly looked into, as it ought to have been and more so when the average acquittal rate is alarmingly high. Therefore, in our country, also, the necessity and importance of Forensic Science hardly needs any emphasis. The lack of understanding and appreciation of the importance of specialists in general, by non-specialists, in all fields, cannot be denied. The field of Forensic Science is no exception. Many a time, neither the judge, nor the lawyer nor even the police appreciate fully, the advances or the extensive, promising potentialities of the science and the fusion of new technologies, methodologies, modalities and research. Multitask and multi-professional nature of Forensic Science needs an inter-professional approach, which is, many a time, lacking. Therefore, sincere and serious efforts are required to be made to eliminate personal and professional bias of the involved personnel and professionals.

 

Forensic Science in criminal investigation and trial is principally concerned with materials and circuitously through materials, with men, places and time. It embraces all branches of science and applies them to the purposes of law. The scientific examination by Forensic Scientists adjoins a missing link or strengthens a weak chain of investigation.

 

Systematic uses of Forensic Science provide significant assistance in answering the following questions:

 

(i) How was the crime committed?

(ii) When was the crime committed?

(iii) Who committed the crime?

 

Law-enforcement agencies refer to Forensic Experts to help solve mysterious situations concerning human life and thereby, provide help and useful contribution to the criminal courts in the journey for search of truth in criminal trials. Forensic Science deals with various aspects, including routine post-mortem to sophisticated tracking piece like DNA analysis.

 

Unfortunately, techniques and methodology with necessary materials used extensively in Western countries has not successfully clicked in India because of a variety of reasons, the major one being the investment of huge finance. This science is also, at times, useful in finding out the truth in some of the civil cases.

 

The prosecution mainly calls Forensic Scientists as expert witnesses. The practice of the defense producing Forensic Scientists or the courts consulting on their own listed experts is not very much in vogue. In fact, there is an acute need to bridge the communication gap that presently exists between lawyers, judges and Forensic Scientists. An independent analysis and evaluation of the scientist’’s data and any subsequent testimony that may follow again depends on the judges” familiarity and understanding of the principles of Forensic Science.

 

In Western countries DNA test and profile is widely employed. In a country like ours, the need of such a test and profile may, hardly, be emphasized. In many developed countries, DNA test, genetic testing techniques and “racmization” — testing based on systematic examination of teeth and bite-marks has proved to be very useful. “Racmization” technique is currently used in Japan and Germany. It has potential to replace the traditional method that took into account the eruption and/or fusion and falling sequence of teeth. A fusion of such knowledge of Forensic Science and newly developed techniques will, undoubtedly, not only provide proper perspective and dimensions, but will also lead to detection of crime, and be a great help in search of the truth. It will be useful in the prevention and control of crimes and will provide required assistance to the parties to civil disputes, as well.

IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON THE JUSTICE DELIVERY SYSTEM

 

Common view is that the Indian justice administration system is slow. However, the major question is, is it the primary problem with Indian justice delivery system? The key issue is, is it is delivering justice at all in majority of cases? If a machine is faulty and makes bad products, then if one speeds up the machine, it will deliver more of those bad products. Therefore, if we speed up a malfunctioning Justice Administration System, it will simply toss up more of injustice. Is that the goal of any justice delivery system?

 

In the words of Justice Shayamal Kumar Sen, “The investigation process needs to be hastened; otherwise the criminal justice system will suffer”.

 

Justice Sen urged that research and development should be initiated in a way that would ensure that crime at the grassroots level is detected immediately and an effective management system should be introduced.

 

According to M P Singh, vice-chancellor, West Bengal National University Of Juridical Science, new techniques should be introduced as it will help in crime detection and the infrastructure should be developed in a way that will not only give momentum to effective criminal delivery system but will also hasten the entire long drawn process of investigation.

 

 

IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON COURT AND COURT PROCESSES

 

Science is not new to the Indian courts. Towards the end of 1989, one low-end computer was installed in Supreme Court of India for caveat matching. Immediately thereafter, in 1990, Justice GC Bharuka, as a sitting Judge at the Patna High Court initiated the process of court computerization. On his transfer to Karnataka in 1994, he undertook to introduce ICT (Information and Communucation Tecnologies) in the entire judiciary of the state of Karnataka.

Presently all the courts upto the taluka level are computerized. All the judicial officers and court staff are trained. There is complete automation from filing of a case to grant of a certified copy. Digital production of under-trial prisoners by video-conferencing is made possible. Through website, causelists of the Supreme Court of India, High Courts, district courts and various Tribunals is made available online, a day before.

 

 

SCIENCE AND GREY AREAS OF LAWS

 

v SPACE LAWS

 

Simply put, Space law is a part of International jurisprudence related to outer space. It follows customary practice in defining outer space, the region 100 km beyond the earth’’s surface.

 

With the advancement of science and technology, things that were once considered impossible are now increasingly becoming possible and even fashionable. No one, some six decades back would have thought of going to space, let alone marrying in space. Thanks to science, this has now become a reality. For $2.3 million, a person can cement bonds from 62 miles straight up. Japanese company First Advantage, along with former X-Prize contender Rocketplane Global, is teaming up to offer weddings in space.

 

According to a LiveScience article, Rocketplane Global “is developing the XP Spaceplane for private suborbital spaceflights. The four-seat spaceship is slated to be about the size of a fighter jet and designed to carry two jet engines and a rocket engine to reach space.”

 

Besides shelling out $2.3 million, a person has to undergo four day’’s worth of training for the one-hour ceremony. Training includes safety procedures, weightless maneuvering, and to explain to one’’s family why they were not invited.

 

Not only this, Sapporo Breweries, the Japanese beer maker established in 1876, is brewing beer from barley descended from seeds that spent five months on the International Space Station ( ISS).

 

According to a CNN article, “The project is part of biological studies of the adaptability of plants to environmental changes and the impact from stresses such as space travel.”

If successful, the study will bring the world one-step closer to growing crops in space. In addition, fortunately, right now, scientists cannot tell the difference between the ISS grains and homegrown barley.

 

However, in order for commercial space activities to grow, there must be an attractive legal environment. Unfortunately existing space law consists mostly of some inter-governmental treaties that are quite inappropriate for business.

 

Space is just another place where humans are going to live. In addition, because space is almost limitless humans are going to live there in vast numbers in the future. In other words, it will become a completely new habitat. Today most activities in space are government ones because getting to and from space is so expensive. Once travel from orbit is cheap enough, as on earth, individuals, private companies and organizations will carry on most activities in space. At that time space activities will involve almost every industry, be it catering and drinks, fashion and entertainment, or law.

 

An attractive legal environment is needed to enable operating companies to plan passenger services and place orders for the vehicles that they require, and for manufacturers to finalize vehicle design details and raise the investment that they need in order to put the vehicles into production.

 

Sovereignty over outer space is another debatable issue that needs to be resolved.

 

 

 

CYBER LAWS AND JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES

 

 

With the advent of internet, a whole new category of crime that includes fraud, theft of services and data, copyright infringement, destruction of data through computer sabotage (viruses) and acts causing inconvenience to agencies comprising sensitive, secret or confidential functions has come up. Chances of use of the web as a forum for publication of defamatory content has increased multifold and there is a need for a clear, coherent expression of the law in this area.

 

Hacking time theft (stealing someone else’’s internet time) pornography, sending threatening e-mail, defamatory e-mail, hacking e-mail, e-mail bombs, etc. are the main areas of cyber crime.

 

The people who commit cyber crimes are mostly those who have white-collar jobs, unlike usual criminals. They can even be high school kids. The territory that a cyber crime can stretch across is immense. It can go over continents

 

The principles that govern the exercise of criminal jurisdiction are based on the assumption that “crime” is a territorial phenomenon. Cyber crime makes these principles problematic in varying ways and in varying degrees. Unlike real-world crime, it is not physically grounded; it increasingly tends not to occur in a single sovereign territory.

 

 

 

The perpetrator of a cyber crime may physically be in Country A, while his victim is in Country B, or his victims are in Countries B, C, and D and so on. The perpetrator may further complicate matters by routing his attack on the victim in Country B through computers in Countries F and G. The result of these and other cyber crime scenarios is that the cyber crime is not committed “in” the territory of a single sovereign state; instead, “pieces” of the cyber crime occur in territory claimed by several different sovereigns.

 

Cyber crime is a primary example of cross-border crime, and so, it raises the issue of jurisdiction. This is a tricky issue. Acts on the Internet that are legal in the state where they are initiated may be illegal in other states, even though the act is not particularly targeted at that state. Jurisdiction conflicts abound, both negative (no state claims jurisdiction) and positive (several states claim jurisdiction at the same time). Above all, it is unclear just what constitutes jurisdiction: is it the place of the act, the country of residence of the perpetrator, the location of the effect, or the nationality of the owner of the computer that is under attack? Or all of these at once? It turns out that countries think quite differently on this issue. The cyber crime statutes of numerous countries show varying and diverging jurisdiction clauses. Since internet allows transactions between persons of various jurisdictions, an international agreement (to be crystallized into a convention, later) is required for any regulation. However, in arriving at a uniform law, varying standards adopted by jurisdictions across the world and the point of balance adopted by them have to be kept in mind.

 

 

Jurisdiction is a highly debatable issue as to the maintainability of any suit that has been filed. Today with the growing arms of cyberspace the territorial boundaries seems to vanish thus the concept of territorial jurisdiction as envisaged under S.16 of C.P.C. and S.2.of the I.P.C. will have to give way to alternative method of dispute resolution.

 

In addressing the issues of what problems were posed by cyber-crime, Mr. Corell noted that the scope of international cooperation is limited by international agreements and by the national law of the State from which information has been requested. There are also differing priorities between developed and developing countries. These differences complicate international cooperation and expand the gap between the two groups.

 

There is no authoritative, comprehensive elaboration of the principle of universal jurisdiction concerning cyber-crime, he said. There are different views concerning the offences that constitute crimes under international law that are subject to universal jurisdiction. There are also different opinions with respect to the significance of the obligation to prosecute or extradite, as contained in various treaties, as evidence of universal jurisdiction. Whether States are not only permitted, but also required, to exercise jurisdiction with respect to crimes under international law, is also subject to different opinions.

 

 

 

CONCLUSION

 

The magnetism of science has always captivated members of the legal profession. People look up to science to rescue them from the experience of uncertainty and the discomfort of difficult legal decisions, and are constantly disappointed.

The notion of what constitutes science and what it would take to make law more scientific varies across time. What does not vary is our constant return to the well. We are constantly seduced into believing that some new science will provide an answer to laws dilemmas, and we are constantly disappointed.

 

In the words of Senior Advocate K.T.S. Tulsi — “There is no doubt that [science] is going to overtake the law enforcement agencies by storm. No one will be able to avoid it. It is like standing on the shore and asking the waves of the sea not to come. What is required is a proper debate about the real value of [science] and whether it fits into the overall picture and what use could be made of it by the investigators.”

 

REFERENCES

 

 

v BOOKS AND ARTICLES

 

1. A Convergence of Science and Law. A Summary Report of the First Meeting of the Science, Technology and Law Panel: National Research Council.
2. Science and law blog: August 8, 2008. Fingerprints” Chemical “Footprints”?
3. Science and law blog: August 11, 2008. “Hot Tubbing”: Old wine in New Bottles for Expert Witnesses.
4. The New York Times: August 7, 2008, Kenneth Chang.
5. Law, science and technology collaboration: Justice M. Jugannadha Rao-Chairman Law Commission of India.
6. Kolkata Newsline, Thursday, February 01, 2007.
7. A profile of forensic science in juristic journey: Justice Jitendra N. Bhatt.
8. Do space laws need to be modified? S Bhatt
9. Space weddings. I do. I really do. Carol Pinchefsky, 7 July 2008.
10. Tara Blake Garfinkel, Jurisdiction Over Communication Torts: Can You Be Pulled into Another Country’s Court System for Making a Defamatory Statement Over the Internet? A Comparison of English and US Law, 9 Transnat’l Law 489, 492
11. Bryan P. Werley, Aussie Rules: Universal Jurisdiction over Internet Defamation, 18 Temp. Int’l & Comp. L.J. 199, 219
12. Para 1.16 of the British Law Commission Report on Defamation and the Internet, cited from (visited on 7th August, 2004
13. 1996 US Dist LEXIS 8435 (SDNY 19 June, 1996), cited from R. Matthan: The Law Relating to Computers & the Internet, p. 2 (New Delhi: Butterworths, 2000). In this case, the defendant was an Italian, who had, using an Italian server, set up a website, under the name “Playmen”. The court had earlier issued a permanent injunction against the defendant from using that name in any magazine sold, published or distributed in USA. The court accepted that it could not order the website to be shut down as that would amount to asserting that every court in the world had jurisdiction over all information providers on the internet
14. In info age, time for cyber savvy cops. Uma Karve. October 5, 2002.
15. Learning the law, Indian Express. Karina Sudarsan
16. Beware! Cyber Criminals are on the prowl, Navhind Times,March 17, 2002; by Shaikh Jamaluddin.
17. 10 Myths of Electronic Security, Banking Frontiers September, 2002; Rohas Nagpal, Asian School of Cyber Laws.
18. I”ll be watching you! Times of India, December 19, 2002; Zahra Khan, Times News Network.
19. Approaches to Cybercrime Jurisdiction; Susan W. Brenner, University of Dayton – School of Law, Bert-Jaap Koops Tilburg University – Faculty of Law (TILT).
20. Challenge of borderless ”Cyber Crime” to International Efforts to Combat Transnational Organized Crime Discussed at Symposium, 14 December, 2000.
21. Towards Speedy, Inexpensive, Transparent and Accountable Justice; Justice GC Bharuka, 4th November, 2007.

source : www.thinklegal.co.in (ThinkLegal Resources Pvt Ltd)

           

 

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source : www.thinklegal.co.in (ThinkLegal Resources Pvt Ltd)

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Comfort Hotel Sapporo $147.99 Comfort Hotel Sapporo is located in central Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. The hotel serves a complimentary continental breakfast. Comfort Hotel Sapporo features laundry facilities, coffee in the lobby, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. Additional property amenities include an elevator (lift). The front desk is open 24 hours a day. Guestrooms. 141 air conditioned guestrooms at Comfort Hotel Sapporo feature hair dryers. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. Televisions have pay movies. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file.

ANA Hotel Sapporo $74.33 ANA Hotel Sapporo is located in central Sapporo, close to Clock Tower, Sapporo TV Tower, and Former Hokkaido Government Office Building. Nearby points of interest also include Odori Park and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at ANA Hotel Sapporo include a restaurant and a coffee shop/caf?. A bar/lounge is open for drinks. Room service is available during limited hours. This 3.5 star property offers audio visual equipment and business services. Additional property amenities include multilingual staff, gift shops/newsstands, and secure parking. Guestrooms. 410 air conditioned guestrooms at ANA Hotel Sapporo feature minibars. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations. In addition to desks, guestrooms offer phones with voice mail. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file.

APA Hotel Sapporo-Odorikoen $206.45 APA Hotel Sapporo Odorikoen is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. APA Hotel Sapporo Odorikoen features a restaurant. The hotel serves cooked to order breakfasts each morning in the restaurant (surcharges apply). High speed (wired) Internet access (surcharge) is available in public areas. Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include computer rentals. Guestrooms. 60 guestrooms at APA Hotel Sapporo Odorikoen feature hair dryers and trouser presses. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file.

Dormy Inn Sapporo Annex $49.86 Dormy Inn Sapporo Annex is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Clock Tower, and Sapporo TV Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dormy Inn Sapporo Annex features a restaurant. Recreational amenities include a sauna. Additional property amenities include multilingual staff and self parking. Guestrooms. 156 air conditioned guestrooms at Dormy Inn Sapporo Annex feature hair dryers. High speed Internet access is available. Televisions have pay movies. Notifications and Fees:The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per night (a different rate applies for extended parking) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per night (a different rate applies for extended parking) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Dormy Inn Sapporo $51.9 Dormy Inn Sapporo is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Clock Tower, and Sapporo TV Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dormy Inn Sapporo features a restaurant. Recreational amenities include a sauna. Additional property amenities include multilingual staff, tour/ticket assistance, and self parking. Guestrooms. 172 air conditioned guestrooms at Dormy Inn Sapporo feature hair dryers. Refrigerators and cooking facilities are offered. High speed Internet access is available. In addition to desks, guestrooms offer phones. Televisions have satellite channels and pay movies. Notifications and Fees:The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per night (a different rate applies for extended parking) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per night (a different rate applies for extended parking) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Hotel Ronshan Sapporo $193.21 Hotel Ronshan Sapporo is located in central Sapporo, close to Sapporo TV Tower, Clock Tower, and Odori Park. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Hotel Ronshan Sapporo features a restaurant. Wireless Internet access (surcharge) is available in public areas. Additional property amenities include computer rentals. Guestrooms. Air conditioned guestrooms at Hotel Ronshan Sapporo feature bathrobes and hair dryers. Wireless Internet access is available for a surcharge. LCD televisions are available in guestrooms. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file.

Chisun Hotel Sapporo $53.66 Chisun Hotel Sapporo is located in Sapporo, close to Clock Tower, Sapporo TV Tower, and Former Hokkaido Government Office Building. Nearby points of interest also include Odori Park and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Chisun Hotel Sapporo’s restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The hotel serves Buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). This Sapporo property has 3 meeting rooms. Guest parking is limited, and available on a limited first come, first served basis (surcharge). Additional property amenities include dry cleaning/laundry services. Guestrooms. 162 air conditioned guestrooms at Chisun Hotel Sapporo feature coffee/tea makers and windows that open. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations with handheld showerheads. They also offer complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. LCD televisions are available in guestrooms. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1200 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1300 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1200 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1300 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Sapporo Garden Palace $73.78 Sapporo Garden Palace is located in Sapporo, close to Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, Odori Park, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at Sapporo Garden Palace include 6 restaurants. Wireless Internet access (surcharge) is available in public areas. This Sapporo property has event space consisting of banquet facilities, conference/meeting rooms, and small meeting rooms. Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include complimentary newspapers in the lobby. The property has designated areas for smoking. Guestrooms. Air conditioned guestrooms at Sapporo Garden Palace feature blackout drapes/curtains and makeup/shaving mirrors. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations, complimentary toiletries, and hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. In addition to desks, guestrooms offer phones. 20 inch LCD televisions have pay movies. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Notifications:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file.

NOVOTEL SAPPORO $6000 Located a five minute train ride from the centre of Sapporo, the 5th-largest city in Japan, the 4 star Novotel Sapporo features 230 modern guest rooms and a range of conferencing facilities including six well equipped meeting rooms. The Twenty-One bar onthe top floor offers spectacular city views, while the cafe and three restaurants serve a wide variety of tempting dishes. Tourist destinations close to Novotel Sapporo include the Sapporo Beer Museum, Mt. Moiwa and the Mt. Okura Observatory.

Hotel Okura Sapporo $112.35 Located in Sapporo, Hotel Okura Sapporo is connected to a shopping center and close to Odori Park, Clock Tower, and Sapporo TV Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at Hotel Okura Sapporo include 5 restaurants. Room service is available during limited hours. The hotel serves full breakfasts each morning (surcharges apply). Spa amenities include massage/treatment rooms and a hair salon. This 3.5 star property offers a meeting/conference room and audio visual equipment. Wedding services and concierge services are available. Additional property amenities include gift shops/newsstands and currency exchange. The property has designated areas for smoking. A total renovation of this property was completed in 2003. Guestrooms. 147 air conditioned guestrooms at Hotel Okura Sapporo feature minibars and complimentary bottled water. Bathrooms feature deep soaking bathtubs, bidets, makeup/shaving mirrors, and slippers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. In addition to desks and complimentary newspapers, guestrooms offer direct dial phones. High definition televisions have satellite channels and pay movies. Also included are windows that open and blackout drapes/curtains. Guests may request in room massages, irons/ironing boards, and wake up calls. Notifications and Fees:The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 2310 per meal (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 2310 per meal (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Chisun Inn Sapporo $45.33 Chisun Inn Sapporo is located in Sapporo, close to Clock Tower, Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, and Sapporo TV Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Odori Park and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. The hotel serves Buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). Chisun Inn Sapporo features an elevator (lift). The front desk is open 24 hours a day. Guestrooms. Air conditioned guestrooms at Chisun Inn Sapporo feature hair dryers. Bathrooms feature bathtubs. Televisions have pay movies. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. No onsite parking is available. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1100 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. No onsite parking is available. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1100 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Hotel Sunroute New Sapporo $200.44 Hotel Sunroute New Sapporo is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Clock Tower, and Sapporo TV Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Hotel Sunroute New Sapporo features a restaurant. The hotel serves Buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include self parking. Guestrooms. 300 guestrooms at Hotel Sunroute New Sapporo feature hair dryers and complimentary toiletries. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Guestrooms are all non smoking. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per night (in/out privileges)Self parking fee for large vehicle: JPY 1200 per night (in/out privileges)Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1365 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per night (in/out privileges)Self parking fee for large vehicle: JPY 1200 per night (in/out privileges)Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1365 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

APA Hotel Sapporo $70.71 APA Hotel Sapporo is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. APA Hotel Sapporo features a restaurant. The hotel serves Buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). This 3 star property offers small meeting rooms and business services. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include laundry facilities. Guestrooms. 261 air conditioned guestrooms at APA Hotel Sapporo feature hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Guests may request in room massages and irons/ironing boards. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1050 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1050 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Leopalace Hotel Sapporo $323.58 Leopalace Hotel Sapporo is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Leopalace Hotel Sapporo’s restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The hotel serves buffet breakfasts each morning (surcharges apply). Business services, concierge services, and tour/ticket assistance are available. Guest parking is limited, and available on a limited first come, first served basis (surcharge). Additional property amenities include self parking. Guestrooms. 86 guestrooms at Leopalace Hotel Sapporo feature coffee/tea makers and slippers. Bathrooms feature bidets, complimentary toiletries, and hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is available for a surcharge. Also included are trouser presses and clock radios. Housekeeping is offered daily and guests may request irons/ironing boards. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 500 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1000 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 500 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1000 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Renaissance Sapporo Hotel $181.14 Renaissance Sapporo Hotel is located in Sapporo, close to Sapporo TV Tower, Clock Tower, and Odori Park. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at Renaissance Sapporo Hotel include 3 restaurants. A bar/lounge is open for drinks. The hotel serves buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). Recreational amenities include an indoor pool. This Sapporo property has 4,230 square feet of event space consisting of small meeting rooms. Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include a concierge desk, gift shops/newsstands, and laundry facilities. Guestrooms. 323 air conditioned guestrooms at Renaissance Sapporo Hotel feature minibars and safes. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Televisions have cable channels, DVD players, and pay movies. Rooms also include hair dryers and irons/ironing boards. Guestrooms are all non smoking. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 600 per dayBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1800 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 600 per dayBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1800 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Sapporo Grand Hotel $289.75 Sapporo Grand Hotel is located in Sapporo, close to Former Hokkaido Government Office Building, Clock Tower, and Odori Park. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at Sapporo Grand Hotel include 4 restaurants. A bar/lounge is open for drinks. Room service is available during limited hours. The hotel serves buffet breakfasts each morning (surcharges apply). Recreational amenities include a health club. Spa amenities include massage/treatment rooms and a hair salon. This 4 star property has a 24 hour business center and offers small meeting rooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. This Sapporo property has event space consisting of banquet facilities, a ballroom, and exhibit space. Additional property amenities include a coffee shop/caf?, a concierge desk, and gift shops/newsstands. The property has designated areas for smoking. Guestrooms. 561 guestrooms at Sapporo Grand Hotel feature coffee/tea makers and bathrobes. These individually furnished and decorated rooms include desks. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations with deep soaking bathtubs and handheld showerheads. They also offer slippers and hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Guestrooms offer phones with voice mail. Flat panel televisions have cable channels. Guests may request irons/ironing boards and wake up calls. Housekeeping is available daily. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. No onsite parking is available. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1200 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. No onsite parking is available. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1200 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Hotel Route-Inn Sapporo Shiroishi $70.73 Hotel Route Inn Sapporo Shiroishi is located in Sapporo, close to Sapporo Beer Museum, Sapporo TV Tower, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Odori Park. Hotel Features. Hotel Route Inn Sapporo Shiroishi’s restaurant serves breakfast and dinner. The hotel serves a complimentary breakfast. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. Complimentary guest parking is limited, and available on a first come, first served basis. Additional property amenities include laundry facilities. Guestrooms. 144 air conditioned guestrooms at Hotel Route Inn Sapporo Shiroishi feature complimentary newspapers and slippers. Accommodations offer city views. Beds come with down comforters. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations with handheld showerheads. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. 26 inch flat panel televisions have pay movies. Housekeeping is offered daily and guests may request irons/ironing boards.

Sheraton Sapporo Hotel $615.9 Located in Sapporo, Sheraton Sapporo Hotel is a family friendly resort in the suburbs and close to Memorial Tower. Other area points of interest include Sapporo Beer Museum and Hidamari. Resort Features. Dining options at Sheraton Sapporo Hotel include 4 restaurants. A bar/lounge is open for drinks. Room service is available during limited hours. The resort serves buffet breakfasts each morning (surcharges apply). Recreational amenities include a spa tub. The property’s full service health spa has massage/treatment rooms and beauty services. This 4 star property offers a meeting/conference room, limo/town car service, and audio visual equipment. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. This Sapporo property has 44 404 square meters of event space consisting of banquet facilities, a ballroom, and exhibit space. The property offers a roundtrip airport shuttle (surcharge). Concierge services and tour/ticket assistance are available. Additional property amenities include multilingual staff and currency exchange. Extended parking privileges may be offered to guests after check out (surcharge). The property has designated areas for smoking. Guestrooms. 511 air conditioned guestrooms at Sheraton Sapporo Hotel feature minibars and safes. Beds come with signature bedding. Furnishings include desks and sofa beds. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations with jetted bathtubs and handheld showerheads. They also offer makeup/shaving mirrors, slippers, and complimentary toiletries. High speed Internet access is available. 32 inch flat panel televisions have satellite channels. Rooms also include blackout drapes/curtains and hair dryers. Guests may request in room massages, irons/ironing boards, and wake up calls. A nightly turndown service is offered and housekeeping is available daily. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Fee for in room high speed Internet (wired): JPY 1300 (for 24 hours, rates may vary)Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1800 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of servi

Sapporo Tokyu Inn $107.06 Sapporo Tokyu Inn is located in Sapporo, close to Odori Park, Sapporo TV Tower, and Clock Tower. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. The hotel serves Buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). A bar/lounge is open for drinks. Sapporo Tokyu Inn features gift shops/newsstands and self parking. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Guestrooms. All guestrooms at Sapporo Tokyu Inn feature slippers and hair dryers. Bathrooms feature bidets and complimentary toiletries. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Televisions have satellite channels and pay movies. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightFee for high speed Internet (wired) in all public areas: JPY 100 (for 10 minutes, rates may vary)Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1700 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per nightFee for high speed Internet (wired) in all public areas: JPY 100 (for 10 minutes, rates may vary)Buffet breakfast fee: JPY 1700 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Sapporo Park Hotel $612.43 Sapporo Park Hotel is located in Sapporo, close to Sapporo TV Tower, Clock Tower, and Odori Park. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at Sapporo Park Hotel include 4 restaurants. A bar/lounge is open for drinks. The hotel serves Hot and cold buffet breakfasts (surcharges apply). Spa amenities include beauty services and a hair salon. High speed (wired) Internet access (surcharge) is available in public areas. Guest parking is available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include shopping on site. Guestrooms. 216 guestrooms at Sapporo Park Hotel feature air conditioning. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per stayFee for high speed Internet (wired) in all public areas: JPY 100 (for 10 minutes, rates may vary)Hot and cold buffet breakfast fee: JPY 2200 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1000 per stayFee for high speed Internet (wired) in all public areas: JPY 100 (for 10 minutes, rates may vary)Hot and cold buffet breakfast fee: JPY 2200 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Cross Hotel Sapporo $296.94 Located in central Sapporo, Cross Hotel Sapporo is within walking distance of Clock Tower, Sapporo TV Tower, and Former Hokkaido Government Office Building. Nearby points of interest also include Odori Park and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Dining options at Cross Hotel Sapporo include 2 restaurants. A bar/lounge is open for drinks. The hotel serves buffet breakfasts each morning (surcharges apply). Recreational amenities include 4 spa tubs. Complimentary wireless and wired high speed Internet access is available in public areas and the hotel has an Internet point. Tour/ticket assistance and tour assistance are available. Additional property amenities include a concierge desk, multilingual staff, and computer rentals. Extended parking privileges may be offered to guests after check out (surcharge). The property has designated areas for smoking. Guestrooms. 191 air conditioned guestrooms at Cross Hotel Sapporo feature CD players and laptop compatible safes. Beds come with down comforters and premium bedding. Rooms are individually decorated and furnished. Bathrooms feature bathtubs or showers, bidets, makeup/shaving mirrors, and designer toiletries. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. 26 inch high definition televisions have satellite channels and free movie channels. Also included are slippers and remote lighting/drapery/curtain control. Guests may request microwaves, in room massages, and irons/ironing boards. Housekeeping is available daily. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1200 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1890 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. Notifications and Fees:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Self parking fee: JPY 1200 per nightBuffet breakfast fee: JPY 1890 per person (approximate amount) The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.

Mercure Hotel Sapporo $314.78 Located in Sapporo, Mercure Hotel Sapporo is near the airport and close to Sapporo TV Tower, Clock Tower, and Odori Park. Nearby points of interest also include Former Hokkaido Government Office Building and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. This 4 star property offers small meeting rooms and business services. This Sapporo property has 5 meeting rooms. Room service is available during limited hours. Additional property amenities include multilingual staff and currency exchange. The property has designated areas for smoking. Guestrooms. 285 air conditioned guestrooms at Mercure Hotel Sapporo feature safes and makeup/shaving mirrors. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations and hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. Guestrooms offer phones with voice mail. Televisions have satellite channels and pay movies. Guestrooms are all non smoking. Notifications and Fees:A resort fee is included in the total price displayed The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Some properties have extra fees for amenities or services that may apply even if you do not use them. Government fees or taxes also may be charged to you when you check in or check out. This property told us they will charge you for the following: A 5 percent city/local tax will be charged We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Additional fees and deposits may be charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out. Notifications and Fees:A resort fee is included in the total price displayed The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Some properties have extra fees for amenities or services that may apply even if you do not use them. Government fees or taxes also may be charged to you when you check in or check out. This property told us they will charge you for the following: A 5 percent city/local tax will be charged We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Additional fees and deposits may be charged by the property at time of service, check in, or check out.

Hotel Resol Trinity Sapporo $126.29 Located in central Sapporo, Hotel Resol Trinity Sapporo is within walking distance of Odori Park, Clock Tower, and Former Hokkaido Government Office Building. Nearby points of interest also include Sapporo TV Tower and Sapporo Beer Museum. Hotel Features. Hotel Resol Trinity Sapporo’s restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Recreational amenities include a spa tub. Complimentary high speed (wired) Internet access is available in public areas. Guest parking is limited, and available on a limited first come, first served basis (surcharge). Nearby parking is also available for a surcharge. Additional property amenities include ski storage and laundry facilities. The property has designated areas for smoking. Guestrooms. 304 guestrooms at Hotel Resol Trinity Sapporo feature slippers and blackout drapes/curtains. Beds come with premium bedding. These individually furnished and decorated rooms include desks. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations, bidets, makeup/shaving mirrors, and hair dryers. Wired high speed Internet access is complimentary. LCD televisions have pay movies. Guests may request microwaves and irons/ironing boards. Notifications:Clothing is optional at this property. This property’s policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties. A resort fee is included in the total price displayed All guests staying in hotel guestrooms must be registered with the hotel. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file. Notifications:Clothing is optional at this property. This property’s policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties. A resort fee is included in the total price displayed All guests staying in hotel guestrooms must be registered with the hotel. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare requires all international visitors to submit their passport number and nationality when registering at any lodging facility (inns, hotels, motels, etc. ). Additionally, lodging proprietors are required to photocopy passports for all registering guests and keep the photocopy on file.

Around The World Beer Bucket – 12 Beers $119.99 “This beer gift basket has no rival! A significantly upgraded version of our Around The World Beer Bucket?, this design comes in a larger galvanized steel bucket capable of holding twelve beers on ice. Along with an outstanding collection of twelve beers from around the world, we’ve also added a range of carefully selected award-winning gourmet snack foods that perfectly complement fine beer. Inside you’ll find a bottle of Newcastle from England, Sapporo from Japan, Stella from Belgium, Guinness from Ireland, Red Stripe from Jamaica, Corona From Mexico, St. Pauli Girl from Germany, Foster’s from Australia, Singha from Thailand, Molson XXX from Canada, Tsingtao from China, and Samuel Adams from The United States. Like a brew super-adventure, this design is the star in our collection of outstanding beer gift baskets and will delight anyone who enjoys an ice-cold beer!”

Around The World Beer Bucket – 12 Beers $119.99 “This beer gift basket has no rival! A significantly upgraded version of our Around The World Beer Bucket?, this design comes in a larger galvanized steel bucket capable of holding twe’ve beers on ice. Along with an outstanding collection of twe’ve beers from around the world, we’ve also added a range of carefully selected award-winning gourmet snack foods that perfectly complement fine beer. Inside you’ll find a bottle of Newcastle from England, Sapporo from Japan, Stella from Belgium, Guinness from Ireland, Red Stripe from Jamaica, Corona From Mexico, St. Pauli Girl from Germany, Foster’s from Australia, Singha from Thailand, Molson XXX from Canada, Tsingtao from China, and Samuel Adams from The United States. Like a brew super-adventure, this design is the star in our collection of outstanding beer gift baskets and will delight anyone who enjoys an ice-cold beer!”

Around The World Beer Bucket – 6 Beers $89.99 “A fantastic gift basket for any beer lover, this version of our Around The World Beer Bucket? delivers six imported beers from around the globe and a host of perfectly matched gourmet foods. Inside you’ll find a bottle of Red Stripe from Jamaica, Stella from Belgium, Sapporo from Japan, New Castle from England, Guinness from Ireland, and Molson XXX from Canada. There is also an excellent variety of award-winning gourmet foods including crackers, smoked gouda, hot pepper cheese, smoked pepperoni, roasted peanuts, beef jerky, and mixed nuts. This design is one of our best selling imported beer gift baskets and is guaranteed to impress!”

Around The World Beer Bucket – 6 Beers $89.99 “A fantastic gift basket for any beer lover, this version of our Around The World Beer Bucket? delivers six imported beers from around the globe and a host of perfectly matched gourmet foods. Inside you’ll find a bottle of Red Stripe from Jamaica, Stella from Belgium, Sapporo from Japan, New Castle from England, Guinness from Ireland, and Molson XXX from Canada. There is also an excellent variety of award-winning gourmet foods including crackers, smoked gouda, hot pepper cheese, smoked pepperoni, roasted peanuts, beef jerky, and mixed nuts. This design is one of our best selling imported beer gift baskets and is guaranteed to impress!”

Beer and Breweries in Japan: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, $10.4 New – Chapters: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, . Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer halls for the sailors who worked on the trade route between Japan and the D

Beer and Breweries in Japan: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, $10.4 Used – Chapters: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, . Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer halls for the sailors who worked on the trade route between Japan and the

Beer and Breweries in Japan: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, $16.97 New – Chapters: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, . Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer halls for the sailors who worked on the trade route between Japan and the D

Beer and Breweries in Japan: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, $16.97 Used – Chapters: Beer in Japan, Sapporo Brewery, Suntory, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Kiuchi Brewery, . Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer halls for the sailors who worked on the trade route between Japan and the

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Japanese Alcoholic Beverages: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery $16.97 New – Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery, Japanese Whisky, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Midori Liqueur, Kiuchi Brewery, Black Nikka. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer h

Japanese Alcoholic Beverages: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery $15.61 Used – Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery, Japanese Whisky, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Midori Liqueur, Kiuchi Brewery, Black Nikka. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer

Japanese Alcoholic Beverages: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery $14.09 Used – Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery, Japanese Whisky, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Midori Liqueur, Kiuchi Brewery, Black Nikka. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer

Japanese Alcoholic Beverages: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery $16.24 New – Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Beer and Breweries in Japan, Japanese Distilled Beverages, Beer in Japan, Suntory, Sapporo Brewery, Japanese Whisky, Kirin Brewery Company, Asahi Breweries, Orion Breweries, Midori Liqueur, Kiuchi Brewery, Black Nikka. Excerpt: Beer in Japan had its start during the Edo Period when the Dutch opened beer h